Communities and Development توسعه محله ای چیست؟

Communities and Development

Before delving too deeply into the dimensions, determinants, and necessities of sustainable community development, we must first understand why communities are the most desirable constituents when it comes to designing and implementing development projects. How is “community” defined? What about small-scale, grassroots empowerment is more effective than the wide-ranging approaches of governments and multilateral agencies? Why are some communities, from a historical perspective, more developed than others? Can communities prevail in spite of structural deficiencies and inequalities? What does the future of community development look like?

 

Module 1: What is a Community?

Module 2: Why Bottom Up Instead of Top Down?

Module 3: Planning Versus Searching

Module 4: Historical Perspectives on Development and Under-development

Module 5: What Does The Future Hold For Community Development?

 

ٍSource: http://www.uniteforsight.org

سرمایه اجتماعی و توانمندسازی

Bonding, Bridging and Linking Social Capital and
Empowerment Among Squatter Settlements in Tehran, Iran

Hamidreza Babaei, Nobaya Ahmad and Sarjit S. Gill

Department of Social and Development Science
Faculty of Human Ecology, University Putra Malaysia

 

Abstract: This study aims to determine the effect of bonding, bridging and linking social capital on the empowerment among squatter settlements in Tehran, Iran. The sample comprised 328 poor people in two communities from Iran, which were randomly selected for the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used as the data collection method. The perceived bonding, bridging and linking social capital was measured by the trust and relationship with family and close friends and with colleagues, neighborhood people and society people as well as with the ethnic group and governmental and non-governmental organizations. In addition, the perceived empowerment was measured by summing the scores of psychological and financial assets. The results revealed the significant effect of bonding, bridging and linking social capital on empowerment among squatter settlements. Bonding social capital had the largest beta coefficient compared to other dimensions, such as bridging and linking social capital.

Key words: Bonding Social Capital, Bridging Social Capital, Linking Social Capital, Empowerment, Squatter Settlements, Tehran, Iran

 

World Applied Sciences Journal 17 (1): 119-126, 2012
ISSN 1818-4952
© IDOSI Publications, 2012


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تفاوت جنسیتی در سرمایه اجتماعی و توانمندسازی حاشیه نشینان

Gender Differences in Social Capital and Empowerment: A Case Study among Squatter Settlements

Hamidreza Babaei

Nobaya Ahmad 

Sarjit S. Gill

Abstract:
This study aims to identify gender differences in bonding, bridging and linking social capital and the empowerment among squatter settlements. The sample included 328 squatter settlers from two communities in Tehran, the capital city of Iran. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select the community and convenience sampling method was used to select respondents. The respondents were between 25-65 years old (household member), and data were collected by interviews. The measurement of bonding, bridging and linking social capital included items concerning trust and relationship with family, close friends, colleagues, neighborhood people, society people, ethnic groups, and governmental and non-governmental organizations. In addition, the empowerment measurement included the dimension of psychological and financial empowerment. The results revealed gender differences in social capital dimensions and empowerment. However, the findings of the research indicated that males have more bonding, bridging and linking social capital than females.

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مقاله: تفاوت های قومی و جنسیتی در مدیریت مالی



Ethnic and Gender Differences in Financial Management among College Students 


Leila Falahati 1, Hamidreza Babaei 2


1. Department of Women Studies, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2. Department of sociology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran  L.falahati@gmail.com



Abstract: The paper aims to examine ethnic and gender differences in financial management among college students. Using the stratified sampling method, 2,340 college students from six public and five private colleges were studied. The findings indicate gender differences in financial management, in which female students performed greater financial management than male students. The results revealed significant ethnic differences in financial management, in which Malay students performed greater financial management than Chinese and Indian students.


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مقاله: مقایسه نگرش مالی دانشجویان



A comparative study in Money Attitude among University Students:
A Gendered View

Leila Falahati*


Department of Women Studies, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

*Corresponding author: L.falahati@gmail.com
Abstract: The paper aims to examine gender differences in money attitude among college students. Using the stratified sampling method, 2,340 college students from six public and five private colleges were studied. The findings indicate gender differences for different dimensions of money attitude, in which males were attached to money as a power/prestige tool while experiencing anxiety and having a retentive attitude toward money. Meanwhile female students were conservatively minded about money, as well as being attached to money for self gratification
purposes.


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مقاله: تفاوت های جنسیتی در دانش اقتصادی




Gender Differences in Financial Literacy among College Students

Leila Falahati*
Department of Women Studies, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

*Corresponding author: L.falahati@gmail.com


Abstract: The paper aims to examine gender differences in financial literacy among college students. Using the stratified sampling method, 2,340 college students from six public and five private colleges were studied. The findings indicate gender differences in different dimensions of financial literacy, in which males were more knowledgeable in financial matters than female students. The results revealed that among the six dimensions of financial literacy, male students have more knowledge concerning credit and risk management, while females are more knowledgeable in respect of general financial literacy.


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مقاله ناسازگاری پایگاهی

Status Inconsistency of Women: A Study in Hamadan, Iran

Hamidreza Babaei1, Amir Hossein Zomorrodian1, Sarjit S. Gill1, Leila Falahati2

1. Department of Social & Development Science, Faculty of Human Ecology, University Putra Malaysia

2. Department of Resource Management and Consumer Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, University Putra Malaysia

babaei1973@gmail.com

Abstract: This research investigates the status inconsistency among women in Hamadan province, Iran. The study was carried out in eight cities and 32 villages. Questionnaire was applied to collect data from 767 women from urban areas and 786 women from rural area. Data analysis was done by using SPSS software and multi-variable regressions. The results show considerable status inconsistency among women in Hamadan. In addition, with decreasing social status of women here, the status inconsistency increases and the rate of status inconsistency in the rural area was higher than the urban area.

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مقاله سرمایه اجتماعی

Social Capital and Human Development: A Meta-Analysis in Iran

 Hamidreza Babaei1, Amir Hossein Zomorrodian1, Sarjit S. Gill1, Nobaya Ahmad1, Leila Falahati2

 

1. Department of Social & Development Science, Faculty of Human Ecology, University Putra Malaysia

2. Department of Resource Management and Consumer Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, University Putra Malaysia

babaei1973@gmail.com

Abstract: This meta-analysis aims to assess the influence of social capital on the Human Development Index, Human Poverty Index, and Gender-related Development Index in Iran. The results reveal a positive and significant relationship between social capital and the human development index (HDI). The effect of social capital on the Human Poverty Index (HPI) was negative and significant. However, no significant relationship was found between social capital and the Gender-related Development Index (GDI).

 

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خراسان و معضل كودكان خياباني و تهران و ...

 

کار و کودکان خیابانی

حضور كودكان خياباني در چهار راه ها و معابر مشهد اكنون به امري عادي مبدل شده و باعث شده است كه با شروع فصل تابستان شاهد موج جديدي از حضور كودكان خياباني در معابر شهر و اشتغال به كارهاي كاذبي همچون فروش كبريت، آدامس، فال و دستمال كاغذي در خيابان هاي مختلف و پرترافيك شهرمان باشيم.
اين در حالي است كه هر چند وقت يكبار انجام طرح هايي در قالب فروش روزنامه، جمع آوري كالاهاي بازيافت در دكه ها براي حل مشكل كودكان خياباني در دستور كار قرار مي گيرد اما به دليل مشكلات قانوني و عدم اجراي صحيح اين طرح ها و نيز تفاسير گوناگون متوليان سامان دهي كودكان از قانون جمع آوري و سامان دهي كودكان؛ باز شاهد گسترش اين پديده در معابر شهري هستيم. در اين ميان آنچه كه مسلم است راهكارهاي ارائه شده در مدت محدود از سوي مسئولان تنها به صورت مقطعي، گذرا و يا بهتر بگوئيم مسكني زمان دار در مقابله با اين پديده اجتماعي بوده است.

 

براساس مصوبه هيئت دولت؛ نيروي انتظامي، قوه قضائيه، شهرداري، وزارت كار، وزارت بهداشت، سازمان بيمه خدمات درماني، سازمان تأمين اجتماعي، صدا و سيما، جمعيت هلال احمر، وزارت آموزش و پرورش و كميته امداد امام خميني از جمله سازمان ها و نهادهاي همكار در سازمان دهي كودكان خياباني هستند كه موظف به اجراي طرح هايي در زمينه سامان دهي كودكان كار شدند با اين همه هر ساله با آمدن فصل گرما مسئولان مصوبه دولت را درباره سامان دهي كودكان فراموش مي كنند تا جايي كه هر دستگاه به تنهايي طرح هايي را شناسايي و حمايت خود را مطرح مي كنند و اميد مي دهند كه امسال به طور جدي معضل كودكان خياباني را حل مي كنند اما با پايان فصل همه موضوعات درباره بچه هاي كار از ياد مي رود و پرونده سامان دهي كودكان خياباني براي سپري شدن زمان تا رسيدن دوباره فصل گرما بايگاني مي شود!...

 

نبودن قانون شفاف
معاون دادستان عمومي و انقلاب مشهد نبود وظيفه قانوني صريح و شفاف و نيز تداخل وظايف ارگانها در راستاي اجراي سامان دهي كودكان خياباني را از چالش هاي موجود به منظور اجراي اين طرح عنوان كرد.
سيدامير مرتضوي با اشاره به طرح مشاركتي حمايت از كودكان خياباني اظهار داشت: متأسفانه ارگان هاي مسئول و ذي ربط در رابطه با اجراي قانون با توجه به صريح و شفاف نبودن وظايف قانوني خود برداشت متفاوتي دارند كه اين امر در برخي از موارد منجر به عدم اجراي مؤثر طرح سامان دهي كودكان خياباني و در نهايت تداخل در اجراي طرح مي شود.
وي با اشاره به حضور كودكان در خيابان هاي سطح شهر گفت: با توجه به اينكه مشهد يك شهر زيارتي است و همه ساله زائران براي زيارت به اين شهر سفر مي كنند حضور كودكان خياباني در اين ايام از سال پررنگ مي شود و همچنين در برخي از موارد شاهد حضور كودكان اتباع خارجي و يا كودكان شهرستاني در معابر خيابان هاي اصلي مشهد هستيم كه اين موضوع نيز زمينه ساز، نازيبايي سيماي شهر مي شود.
معاون دادستان عمومي و انقلاب مشهد ادامه داد: با توجه به حضور زائران در شهر مشهد و به ويژه در هسته مركزي و اطراف حرم كميته آسيب شناسي در اطراف حرم تشكيل و مستقر خواهد شد كه معضلات كودكان خياباني و نيز موضوعاتي نظير زواركشها، كيف قاپ ها و ساير مواردي كه ممكن است در حمل تراكم زائران بوجود آيد را بررسي مي كند.
وجود 2هزار كودك خياباني در استان خراسان رضوي
معاون امور اجتماعي سازمان بهزيستي خراسان رضوي تعداد كودكان خياباني استان خراسان رضوي را 2هزار كودك عنوان كرد و گفت: براساس برآوردهاي صورت گرفته پيش بيني مي شود 2هزار كودك خياباني در استان خراسان رضوي وجود دارند كه از اين تعدا 650 نفر توسط مراكز بهزيستي استان شناسايي شده اند.

 

بختياري در رابطه با ميزان اعتبارات سازمان بهزيستي استان در اجراي آئين نامه سامان دهي كودكان خياباني اظهار داشت: نقش مشاركتي ساير دستگاه ها و ارائه خدمات حمايتي به اين كودكان و خانواده هاي آنها به صورت رايگان در آئين نامه مصوبه وزيران لحاظ شده است كه براين اساس اعتبار سازمان بهزيستي نيز با توجه به نقش حمايتي ساير دستگاه ها در اجراي اين طرح حذف و به اعتبارات استاني و حمايت ساير دستگاه ها بسنده كرده است و اين در حالي است كه ساير ارگان ها نيز در اين راستا تاكنون وظايف خود را به شكل مؤثر و پايدار انجام نداده اند.
رئيس شوراي اسلامي شهر مشهد به مشكلات موجود در رابطه با سامان دهي كودكان خياباني اشاره كرد و گفت: در حال حاضر حرف و حديث هاي بسياري در رابطه با هزينه هاي جمع آوري و سامان دهي كودكان خياباني در بين نهادهاي مسئول وجود دارد كه اين مشكل زمينه ساز عدم اجراي مؤثر طرح شده است.
عباس شيرمحمدي خانه سبز شهرداري مشهد را يكي از مكان هاي سامان دهي كودكان خياباني و متكديان برشمرد و اظهار داشت: با توجه به زيارتي بودن شهر مشهد و حضور سالانه 20ميليون زائر در شهرمقدس مشهد، جمع آوري و سامان دهي كودكان خياباني و متكديان نيازمند يك عزم جدي و همكاري كامل ميان دستگاه ها و ارگان هاي ذيربط است و در اين رابطه يك ارگان و يا نهاد به تنهايي نمي تواند به جمع آوري و سامان دهي كودكان خياباني و متكديان به شكل مؤثر و پايدار بپردازد.
وي در ادامه حضور كودكان در خيابان هاي اصلي شهر و اطراف حرم رضوي را عاملي در نازيبايي سيماي شهري در ديد زائران و شهروندان عنوان كرد و خاطر نشان كرد: با توجه به زيارتي بودن شهر مشهد سامان دهي كودكان خياباني امري ضروري و انكارناپذير است.

گزارش از : مريم شاهگردي
خبرنگار كيهان در مشهد / شانزدهم شهریور ۸۹

 

There is a road in south of Tehran that leads you to Behesht-e Zahra (a local cemetery), and the kids along the road are the spirits of paradise who make their living by selling flowers.

There are glimpses of light in their eyes under the scorching summer sun and the freezing winter winds that hopes one of the hundreds of cars that pass by will stop to buy a flower from them.

Most of them are kids, although you may occasionally find adolescents as well. Hunger and thirst are meaningless when cars don’t stop to buy a flower.

Mothers wait anxiously each day for their children to return in hopes they will bring food home in their innocent hands to put on the table.

The sun is still not out when the mothers send their children out [for the day]. By noon, she anxiously waits.  This is south of Tehran, Iran’s capital.

ادامه نوشته

ظرفیت سازی و توسعه محله ای

در این بخش به سفارش یکی از دوستان مطلبی در زمینه ظرفیت سازی قرار داده ام همراه با فایل دانلود یک پایان نامه خوب در مورد ظرفیت سازی و توانمند سازی در ایران

فایل دانلود

فایل کمکی: دانلود فایل

WHAT IS COMMUNITY CAPACITY BUILDING?

Community capacity can be seen as the capacity of the people in communities to participate in actions based on community interests, both as individuals and through groups, organisations and networks. It is not primarily about their ability to act in their personal, family or employers’ interest, which are catered for in other spheres. However, many of the same skills are involved, and people who are active in the community invariably benefit in other ways as well.

The actions people and groups take can broadly be described as Community Activity. This can be divided into three types of activity:

  • Action to build social capital: building relationships, trust, shared norms and networks. It involves people taking part in community initiatives, groups and organisations, and those groups communicating with the wider population as volunteers, members and participants.
  • Delivering services: these can either be autonomous services provided by communities, or specialist services provided by community or voluntary groups, controlled by contracts or service level agreements with public agencies.
  • Involvement in governance: representing the interests of all local people or of particular groups in influencing decisions that affect the quality of local life.

Community capacity building is defined as:

Activities, resources and support that strengthen the skills and abilities of people and community groups to take effective action and leading roles in the development of their communities.

It is helpful to see community capacity building as three main types of activity:

  • Developing skills - learning and training opportunities for individuals and groups, and sharing through networks and mutual support, to develop skills, knowledge and confidence.
  • Developing structures – developing the organisational structures and strengths of community groups, communities of interest and networks.
  • Developing support – developing the availability of practical support to enable the development of skills and structures.

Community capacity building is normally undertaken to achieve a specific purpose, whereas the community development process provides the wider context. The key purpose of community development work is ‘collectively to bring about social change and justice, by working with communities (those that can be defined geographically and/or those defined by interest) to……….

  • Identify their needs, opportunities, rights and responsibilities
  • Plan, organise and take action
  • Evaluate the effectiveness and impact of action.

(source: National Occupational Standards for Community Development

A film explaining the idea of social capital

Social Capital #1 from Noam Osband on Vimeo.

community development strategies

 

مجموعه سخنرانی در زمینه راهبردهای توسعه اجتماع محور

فقر و ...... رقص

فیلمی بسیار تکان دهنده

 

واقعا مشکل از کجاست؟ آیا سطح آگاهی اجتماعی ... یا فقر ..... و یا برداشت های نادرست از دین ...منجر به اینگونه مصیبت های اجتماعی می گردد؟ قطعا در ایجاد یک پدیده اجنماعی یک یا دو عامل را نمی توان بعنوان عوامل تاثیر گذار برشمرد چرا که همانگونه که میدانیم پدیده های انسانی ناشی از عوامل بسیار پیچیده و در هم تندیده ای هستند که منجر به رفتارها و نگرشهای متفاوت می گردد.

یک مددکار اجتماعی یا یک تسهیلگر اجتماعی چه نقشهایی در کاهش اینگونه دیدگاه ها و رفتارها می تواند داشته باشد برای این گونه سئوالات در رشته توسعه اجتماع محور یا توسعه محله ای چه راهکارهایی پیشنهاد می شود ؟ برای این منظور به مقالاتی در این باب در نوشتاری دیگر خواهیم پرداخت.

Ten million Iranians under "Absolute poverty line"

Iran’s Department of Statistics announced that 10 million Iranians live under the “Absolute Poverty Line” and 30 million live under the “Relative Poverty Line.”

Adel Azar, head of the Department of Statistics, told ISNA that the budgetary system of Iran has no correspondence with the prevalent scientific systems of budgeting. He added that if the rules of budgeting were observed in this very structure, the government could save at least 30 to 35 percent on its expenses.

The Professor of Tarbiyat Modares University went on to say that the use of the oil revenues in the current expenditure is “an irreparable and vast disaster.” He explained: “Rather than spending the revenues from oil, which is an inter-generational asset, on increasing quality of life, manufacturing and assets, the revenues are used for current government expenses.”

He also indicated that the government’s annual budgets for construction projects ignore issues of productivity and efficiency which could save the government 45 percent in expenses.

In conjunction to this report, Issa Kamali, secretary General of House of Workers told ILNA that in the past year 52 thousand workers have lost their jobs in the oil industry in Oslouyeh, in the south of Iran.

He added that of the 60 thousand people employed in this industry in the area, only eight thousand still have a job.

Issa Kamali said: “The oil and gas companies of the Oslouyeh area were so productive that in addition to employing local workforce, they even employed workers from other areas; but currently the area has turned into a useless tumour.” Kamali blamed “wrong government policies” for throwing the region into such a “crisis.”

Source: Zamaneh

ده میلیون نفر از جمعیت ایران زیر خط فقر مطلق

رئیس مرکز آمار ایران می‌گوید بیش از ۱۰ میلیون نفر از جمعیت ایران زیر «خط فقر مطلق» و بیش از ۳۰ میلیون نفر زیر «خط فقر نسبی» هستند

عادل آذر به خبرگزاری دانشجویان ایران (ایسنا)، گفت که سامانه بودجه‌ریزی ایران، هیچ نوع هم‌خوانی با نظام بودجه‌ریزی علمی رایج در دنیا ندارد و اگر بودجه‌ریزی، عملیاتی شود، به وسیله همین ساختار می‌توان در حوزه هزینه‌ها، حدود ۳۰ تا ۳۵ درصد صرفه‌جویی کرد.

این استاد دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، مصرف درآمد نفت در هزینه‌های جاری را «فاجعه‌ای بزرگ و جبران‌ناپذیر» خواند و افزود: «به جای این که نفت که یک دارایی بین نسلی است، فروخته شود و درآمد آن برای ایجاد ارزش افزوده، تولید و ثروت استفاده شود، این درآمد صرف هزینه‌های جاری شده‌ است.»

به گفته وی ۷۸ درصد رشد تولید ناخالص داخلی، حاصل فروش منابع داخلی به ویژه نفت و فقط ۲۲ درصد مربوط به منابع دیگر به ویژه علم و دانش است.

رئیس مرکز آمار ایران افزود: «توجه نکردن به بحث بهره‌وری و کارایی سبب شده که در بودجه‌های سالانه، از هر صد واحد پولی که صرف طرح‌های عمرانی می‌شود، فقط ۵۵ واحد آن تبدیل به کار خروجی شود و ۴۵ واحد دیگر آن ناکارآمد باقی بماند و این به معنای ضایع شدن پول است.»

بیکاری ۵۲ هزار نفر در عسلویه از سوی دیگر عیسی کمالی، دبیر اجرایی خانه کارگر بوشهر در گفت‌وگو باخبرگزاری کار ایران (ایلنا)، از بیکار شدن ۵۲ هزار نفر از کارگران منطقه صنعت گاز و پالایش عسلویه در جنوب ایران در چهار سال گذشته خبر داد.

 به گفته وی از ۶۰ هزار نفری که در این منطقه کار می‌کردند، فقط هشت هزار نفر در حال حاضر مشغول به کار هستند و این منطقه اقتصادی با «بحران بیکاری و تعطیلی واحدها» روبرو شده‌ است.

این فعال اقتصادی «سیاست‌های غلط دولت» را مسبب ایجاد «بحران» در عسلویه عنوان کرد و افزود: «شرکت‌های حوزه نفت و گاز در عسلویه به حدی فعال بودند که علاوه بر نیروهای بومی، کارگران غیربومی نیز به منطقه هجوم می‌آوردند، اما امروزه عسلویه به غده‌ای غیرمفید در استان بوشهر تبدیل شده‌ است.»

عسلویه از توابع استان بوشهر در جنوب ایران و معروفترین بخش منطقه ویژه اقتصادی پارس است که تا چند سال گذشته شاهد حضور تعداد قابل توجهی از افراد جویای کار بود.

 

 

 

و تصاویری دیگر از شهر اهواز

منبع: http://www.tabnak.ir

كدخبر: ۱۱۴۴۸۹
تاريخ انتشار: ۲۵ مرداد ۱۳۸۹ - ۱۵:۱۶

فقر در استان دریای طلای سیاه نفت.....خوزستان

مطلب زیر را از سایت http://mahetireh.blogfa.com انتخاب کردم و حتما شما هم با دیدن این صحنه ها که متاسفانه گوشه کوچکی از مشکلات این استان و بسیاری از استانهای کشورمان است ناراحت و منقلب می شوید با التماس دعا و آه  کشیدن و شعار دادن این مسائل و مشکلات هرگز حل نخواهد شد مگر با برنامه ریزی علمی و اجرای صحیح آنها و مدیریت و نظارت درست ....  به امید روزگاری بهتر.....

"... اينجا خوزستان است

آری  اين جا قلب تپنده ايران خوزستان است


تصاوير زير سطح زندگي مردم در نواحي اهواز مركز استان خوزستان را نشان ميدهد :

1) روستاي محروم دحيميه بستان

2) روستاي محروم دغاغله اهواز

3) روستاي محروم حموله

4) گاوميش آباد

 مردم روستای محروم دغاغله در غرب استان خوزستان از کمبود ابتدایی ترین حقوق شهروندی ( راه - بهداشت - آموزش و آب آشامیدنی ) رنج می برند.

 

 

 

 وجود زباله و مسیرهای نامناسب

 

همجواری منازل روستایی با پالایشگاه نفت و آلودگی زیست محیطی و بوی تعفن

 

 

 

 

 

مرکز بهداشتی و درمانی

 

 

 

 

 
آري ! اينجا خوزستان است . پاره تن كشور ايران. اگر روزي قلب اين منطقه نتپد، كشور ايران فلج خواهد شد. مردم اين استان بر روي درياي نفت زندگي ميكنند و هزينه هاي كشور از فروش نفت اين منطقه تهيه ميشود و خود اينچنين از نبود بهداشت و آب آشاميدني و ديگر امكانات ابتدايي زندگي محروم است
ادامه نوشته

آشغال جمع کننان حاشیه نشین

فیلمی را که خواهید دید در زمینه کار بچه های مناطق حاشیه نشین و احتمالا در حین دیدن این فیلم به یاد کشور خودمان که عین این صحنه ها ر دیده اید خواهید افتاد......

 


slum

کینیا یکی از کشورهایی است که حاشیه نشینی در آن بسیار اسفناک می باشد در واقع ۳ شهرک بزرگ در کینا بیش از دو میلیون نفر را در خود جای داده است و این شهرکها جزو محدوده شهری بحساب نمی آیند و لذا از کمترین امکانات شهری برخوردار نیستند. نرخ جرم و جنایت در این شهرکها بسیار بالاست بگونه ایکه زنان در بیشترین معرض خطرات و مسائل از جمله تجاوز قرار می گیرند. خانه ها فاقد حمام و دستشویی می باشند و صرفا باید از مکانهای عمومی که بسیار کثیف و خطرناک می باشند استفاده کنند.........


IRIN - Slum Survivors
Uploaded by OneWorldTV. - News videos hot off the press.">

 

 

Santa Marta: Two Weeks in the Slum

امروز یک فیلم جالب در زمینه حاشیه نشینی پیدا کردم که در واقع کسانی که علاقمند به مطالعه در این زمینه هستند می تونند از اون استفاده کنند . این شهر حاشیه نشین در کشور برزیل واقع شده و همراه با زیر نویس انگلیسی است.

 

This documentary portrays the everyday life of the inhabitants of Santa Marta, a favela in the Botafogo area of Rio de Janeiro. It focuses on the positive aspects of life in the favelas – such as music, dancing, drinking, socialising and religious practices – rather than on crime.
The film starts with a street survey of the professions of different slum-dwellers and immediately shows beautiful panoramic views of Rio from the favela, while the soundtrack features a song about the happiness of life in the slums: even though living in the slums makes one happy because the favela can be a paradise with open doors, fighting for survival is needed because the world is so ‘perverse’.

The film traces the history of the settlement as far back as 1935. In this same direction, most of the interviewees
say that they were born in the favela as an expression of their origin and identity. The film also emphasises the community networks that give social cohesion to the inhabitants of Santa Marta, by showing scenes of the meetings at the Neighbours’ Association and their projects of organised work. In their collective discussions, they denounce the police and the media as those responsible for their criminalisation (sometimes to cover up the police’s own crimes). The gender and sexuality dimensions of the favela are present as well: the film incorporates issues such as the ‘importance’ of women, domestic violence, machismo and an interview with a former transvestite who is also part of the community. Religion is depicted as vital to their existence, both in terms of their syncretic beliefs and colourful rituals. They see no clash between Catholicism and Spiritualism. Plenty of music and dancing is presented, thus showing the artistic dimension of this favela. Particularly powerful is a dance accompanying the following insightful lyric that directly links poverty to art: ‘In order to be poor in this country, you have to be an artist’. The music of the film was both composed and played by the morro’s [hill] residents.

Most of the interviews are on location, but some of them are recorded in an empty room with a TV set switched on, on a chair next to the interviewee. The interviewers’ voices are heard but their images are, in most of the scenes, not shown. The protagonists also act as interviewers as well as interviewees: they criticise and put questions to the policemen who watch the entrance of the favela. They question their ‘power to grab others’ attention and stop them in the streets. Special attention is drawn to the faces of the interviewees who are presented mostly through close-up shots.

Directed by Eduardo Coutinho, one of the most important names in Brazilian film-making.

 

 

 

لینک های دانلود فیلم:

http://www.file-rack.com/files/f2zVqzcqFdjK/Doc.San.Mar.Slu.part1.rar.html
http://www.file-rack.com/files/uGLgf2vMwuvi/Doc.San.Mar.Slu.part2.rar.html
http://www.file-rack.com/files/V13sU0mTuXal/Doc.San.Mar.Slu.part3.rar.html
http://www.file-rack.com/files/VF6qzH43a839/Doc.San.Mar.Slu.part4.rar.html
http://www.file-rack.com/files/XD3NuXcVcMki/Doc.San.Mar.Slu.part5.rar.html
http://www.file-rack.com/files/cXpD4kxIKm6W/Doc.San.Mar.Slu.part6.rar.html
http://www.file-rack.com/files/JqUTjz3XCjNf/Doc.San.Mar.Slu.part7.rar.html
http://www.file-rack.com/files/gJHTQOrBFCKE/Doc.San.Mar.Slu.part8.rar.html

این هم زیر نویس انگلیس فیلم

http://rapidshare.com/files/238235055/Santa.Marta.Two.Weeks.In.The.Slum.EN.srt

 

دوستان اگر کسی زیر نویس فارسی فیلم رو پیدا کرد لطفا برای قرار دادن در این سایت ما رو مطلع فرمایید.

معرفی کتاب The end of poverty

 

کتاب The end of poverty کتابی مناسب با مجموعه مقالات متفاوت است که در سال ۲۰۰۵ چاپ شده است 

 

 

در این کتاب آشنا می شوید با مطالب زیر

One A GLOBAL FAMILY PORTRAIT

Two THE SPREAD OF ECONOMIC PROSPERITY

Three WHY SOME COUNTRIES FAIL TO THRIVE

Four CLINICAL ECONOMICS

Five BOLIVIA'S HIGH-ALTITUDE HYPERINFLATION

Six POLAND'S RETURN TO EUROPE

Seven REAPING THE WHIRLWIND: RUSSIA'S STRUGGLE FOR NORMALCY

Eight CHINA: CATCHING UP AFTER HALF A MILLENNIUM

Nine INDIA'S MARKET REFORMS:

THE TRIUMPH OF HOPE OVER FEAR 17

Ten THE VOICELESS DYING: AFRICA AND DISEASE 18

Eleven THE MILLENNIUM, 9/11, AND THE UNITED NATIONS

Twelve ON-THE-GROUND SOLUTIONS FOR ENDING POVERTY

Thirteen MAKING THE INVESTMENTS NEEDED TO END POVERTY

 

 

این کتاب را می توانید از اینجا دانلود کنید.

 

کتاب در مورد سرمایه اجتماعی

این کتاب بسیار خوب که در زمینه سرمایه اجتماعی است را می توانید براحتی از اینجا دانلود کنید

این کتاب دارای ۳ فصل است و نوسند ه آن NAN LIN  و در سال ۲۰۰۴ بچاپ رسده.

 

۳ فصل عبارتند از:

Part I. Theory and Research

Part II. Conceptual Extensions

Part III. Epilogue

 

دانشگاه یو پی ام

 

دانشگاه پوترای مالزی با قدمتي بیش از هفتاد سال هم سن و سال دانشگاه تهران است. در سالهای اخير به تبع رشد چشمگير کشور مالزی، چهار دانشگاه تحقیقتی (Research University) مالزی که دانشگاه پوترا نیز جزء آنهاست، سرمایه گزاری بالايي برای تحقيقات و تحصيلات تکميلي و پژوهش های کاربردی انجام داده اند. با نگاهی به فهرست دانشکده ها و مراکز تحقيقاتي و رشته های بسيار متنوع این دانشگاه متوجه گستردگي اين دانشگاه خواهيد شد. سایت دانشگاه را می توانید از اینجا ملاحظه فرمایید.

دانشگاه یو ژی ام در واقع دانشگاه دوتی و سلطنتی مالزی است. یکی از رشته های موجود در این دانشگاه "توسعه محله ای" است. و البته با توجه به اینکه این کشور توسعه خود را بیشتر مدیون فعالیت گسترده Community worker ها می باشد این رشته در این کشور بخوبی جایگاه خود را یافته و ژیشرفت های بسیار زیادی نیز داشته است. البه قابل توجه اینکه در این کشور وزارت خانه ای به نام  Community Development موجود است و این خود نشان از توجه این کشور به این رشته علمی است.

به هر حال این رشته در دانشکده Faculty of Human Ecology قرار دارد.

وبسایت دانشکده را می توانید از اینجا ملاحظه فرمایید.

رییس دانشکده Assoc. Prof. Dr. Laily Hj Paim می باشد البته جالب توجه اینکه اکثر مسئولین و روسای دانشگاه ها و ادارات در مالزی را زنان تشکیل می دهند و دانشگاه یو پی ام نیز استثنا نیست.
رشته توسعه محله ای در دپارتمان Department of Social & Development Science قرار  دارد. و درسهایی که دانشجویان دکتری و ارشد در این رشته می گذرانند عبارند از:
 

FEM 3302   E-community and Sustainable Communities
This course exposes student to the concept and features of conventional community, e-community, sustainable community; relationship between e-community and sustainable community, and also e-community as a medium for empowering the community in the information technology era.                               

FEM 3303  Programme Planning and Evaluation
Meaning of development; Principles of development planning; relationship between technology, the environment and development planning in achieving better quality of life; indicators of human development, governance and development policies; principles of evaluating development programme; methodology and issues in planning and evaluating development programmes.
                                       
FEM 3331  Introduction to Community Development
This course discussess the basic concepts of community development, principles,values, philosophy, goals of community development and models and types of community development. It also dicussess indicators of community development, role of community workers and community development efforts in developing countries, including Malaysia.

FEM 3332 Community Work
This course emphasizes on the meaning of the concept of community work, theory and analysis of socio-political structure in community. This course also analyses models and types of community work; methods in community work; voluntarism and evaluation in community work.      

FEM 3333 Sustainable Community Development
The course discusses the concept of community development and sustainable community development. Emphasis is also given on understanding the similarities and differences between community development and sustainable community development, and the strategies and process of sustainable community development. Issues on sustainable community development in developed and developing countries and case studies on sustainable community development will also be discussed.                           

FEM 3334  Community Development Leadership
This course focuses on effective community development leadership. Emphasis is also given to theories and models in community development, types and functions of community development leadership, and strategies for success in community development. Leadership issues and problems in community development leadership will also be discussed.
                               
FEM 4314 Social Policy and Planning
This course explains the meaning of social policy, social policy theories, and social planning. The relationship between social policy, social planning and national development will also be discussed. The planning process, the organization and delivery of social services as well as the use of social indicators will also be elaborated.                      

FEM 4311 Social Change
This course emphasizes on social change as a universal phenomenon, meaning of social change, sources of change, and social change theories. Pattern and duration of change, reactions to change, impact of change and planning of change will also be discussed.
                                               
FEM 4312 Society, Development and Environment
This course examines the need to focus on a balanced treatment to the component of bureaucracy, society, development programs, and the environment in bringing about social change. The welfare of the environment in related development initiatives will also be discussed.
                           
SKP2102 Introductory Sociology and Social Anthropology
Concepts and theories of society, culture and social change; Dimension of social change; Change and stability; Agents and agencies of modernization; Factors of change; Types of social change; Stratification, mobility and urbanization; Conflict and change.       

SKP3101 Development Planning and Evaluation
Meaning of Development; Principles of development planning; Relationship oftechnology, the environment and development planning; Bureaucray and lerdership in Development Planning; Malaysian strategies of development planning and majorpolicies; Principles of development project evaluatian; Methodology and problem ofdevelopment evaluation.                                      

SKP2102 Introductory Sociology and Antrhropology
History and Development of Sociology and Social Anthropology; Sociological  and  Anthropological Theories and Methods; Social Groups and Group Dynamics; Society and Culture; Family and Marriage Institutions; Social Structure and Stratification; Leadership; Race and Ethnic Relations; Social Demography; Social Change.
                                           
SKP2501 Introductory Psychology
Concept, and methods in psychology; Neuropsychology;  Human growth and development; Learning processes; Perception; Motivation and Emotion; Personality; Conflict and stress; Abnormal behaviour and methods of therapy; Psychology and society.                           

ANT2001 Society and Change
Concepts and theories of society, culture and social change; Dimension of social change; Change and stability; Agents and agencies of modernization; Factors of change; Types of social change; Stratification, mobility and urbanisation; Conflict and change.
                                               
SKP5306 Community Development Perspectives
The concept of community development and other related important concepts are critically discuss in this course.  The meaning of community development, its philosophy, principles and values are also emphasized.  Also emphasized in the course are topics on the implementation of community development, its approaches and types and target group involvement.                           

SKP6302  Approaches in Community Development
Various approaches in community development practice are analysed in this course.  The basic philosophy and assumptions underlying the approaches are also emphasized.  Technical and strategic issues pertaining to the approached used and the goal of change are also discussed

SKP5308 Community Empowerment
In this course the concept of empowerment is critically discuss.  Also emphasized in the course is the relationship between capacity building and empowerment through participation.  The application of the basic techniques to empower the community are also  discussed

 

دوستان عزیزی که علاقمند به این رشته هستند می توانند در سایت دانشگاه ( سایت آموزش)

مراجعه و خود شخصا اقدام نمایند. آدرس سایت اینجا 

رییس دانشکده در مورد دانشکده و رشته های آن می گویید: درادامه مطلب   

ادامه نوشته

Empowerment: What Is It

For many in Extension, empowerment is the goal we have for our programs and the volunteers, participants, or clients with whom we work. But what is empowerment? How can we recognize it? Evaluate it? Talk about it with others who are interested in empowerment? Our recent literature review of articles indicating a focus on empowerment, across several scholarly and practical disciplines, resulted in no clear definition of the concept across disciplinary lines. Many using the term cope with its lack of clear, shared meaning by employing the concept very narrowly, using only their specific scholarly discipline or program to inform them. Others do not define the term at all. As a result, many have come to view "empowerment" as nothing more than the most recently popular buzz word to be thrown in to make sure old programs get new funding.

We maintain that empowerment is much more than that. Empowerment is a process that challenges our assumptions about the way things are and can be. It challenges our basic assumptions about power, helping, achieving, and succeeding. To begin to demystify the concept of empowerment, we need to understand the concept broadly in order to be clear about how and why we narrow our focus of empowerment for specific programs and projects (specific dimension or level, etc.) and to allow discussion of empowerment across disciplinary and practice lines. Understanding empowerment became a critical issue for us as we grappled with the task of sharing the People Empowering People (PEP) program with Extension faculty across the country.

ادامه نوشته

MEASURING COMMUNITY CAPACITY BUILDING

Do you need this workbook?

This is a workbook for community leaders and citizens who want to:

  • Improve the ability of individuals, organizations, businesses and government in their community to come together, learn, make well-reasoned decisions about the community’s present and future, and work together to carry out those decisions—that is, to build their community’s capacity.
  • Find ways to set goals as they do this work, make sure they are actually moving toward these goals, and celebrate their progress.

What is in this workbook?

This workbook can be used by groups of citizens, working either alone or assistance, to help identify:

  • What is community capacity building?
  • Why should we care about community capacity building?
  • How do we know community capacity building when we see it?
  • How can we measure—and celebrate—our community’s growing capacity as we build it?

این کتاب بسیار عالی را برایتان قرار داده ام امید که مورد استفاده قرار بگیرد.از اینجا دانلود کنید

Community Driven Development

A step by step guide to scale up Community Driven Development

Hans P. Binswanger and Tuu-Van Nguyen

This paper synthesizes the experiences of the authors and other practitioners on how to scale up Community Driven Development (CDD) programs into national CDD programs. The objective of the paper is to assis t the reader by providing a step-by-step approach to designing and planning the scale-up of multisectoral CDD initiatives. It focuses in particular on the program development phase, in which a program is scaled up to first cover one (or a few) district in its entirety, so that all villages and urban neighborhoods (i.e., al l “communities”) have access to the program.

 Keywords: World Bank, scaling up, community-driven development

از اینجا دانلود کنید

اینجا

What is Community Development

 

What is Community Development?

Community development is the planned evolution of all aspects of community well-being (economic, social, environmental and cultural). It is a process whereby community members come together to take collective action and generate solutions to common problems. The scope of community development can vary from small initiatives within a small group, to large initiatives that involve the whole community. Regardless of the scope of the activity, effective community development should be:

  • a long-term endeavor ,
  • well planned,
  • inclusive and equitable,
  • holistic and integrated into the bigger picture,
  • initiated and supported by community members,
  • of benefit to the community , and
  • grounded in experience that leads to best practice.

 

 

 

 

ادامه نوشته

Community Development is a process, a method and an outcome

Introduction:

Bullen, (2004) according to Bennett (1973) affirmed that community development is the deliberate attempt by community people to work together to guide the future of their communities. Bullen, (2004) according to Ravitz (1982) stressed that CD is the active involvement of people at the level of the local community in resisting or supporting some cause or issues that interests them. Bullen, (2004) according to Maser (1997) called CD as the capacity of people to work collectively in addressing their common interests. In its general sense, the term CD can be referred to as an effort to improve the quality of life a community. Sabran, (2003) according to Sanders, (1982) present CD in four different typologies; process, method, program, and movement. If we consider to community development (C.D) in total, we can definition community development as processes, method, and benefits.

ادامه نوشته

Definition community development

Dunbar (1972): “a series of community improvements which take place over time as a result of the common efforts of various groups of people. Each successive improvement is a discrete unit of community development. It meets a human want or need.”

Long (1975): “an educational process designed to help adults in a community solve their problems by group decision making and group action. Most community development models include broad citizen involvement and training in problem solving.”

Oberle, Darby, and Stoweres (1975): “a process in which increasingly more members of a given area or environmental make and implement socially responsible decisions, the probable consequence of which is an increase in the life chances of some people without a decrease in the life chances of others.”

Voth (1975): “a situation in which some groups, usually locality based such as a neighborhood or local community …. Attempt to improve [their] social and economic situation through [their] own efforts . . . using professional assistance and perhaps also financial assistance from the outside . . . and involving all sectors of the community or group to a maximum.”

ادامه نوشته