Communities and Development توسعه محله ای چیست؟

Communities and Development

Before delving too deeply into the dimensions, determinants, and necessities of sustainable community development, we must first understand why communities are the most desirable constituents when it comes to designing and implementing development projects. How is “community” defined? What about small-scale, grassroots empowerment is more effective than the wide-ranging approaches of governments and multilateral agencies? Why are some communities, from a historical perspective, more developed than others? Can communities prevail in spite of structural deficiencies and inequalities? What does the future of community development look like?

 

Module 1: What is a Community?

Module 2: Why Bottom Up Instead of Top Down?

Module 3: Planning Versus Searching

Module 4: Historical Perspectives on Development and Under-development

Module 5: What Does The Future Hold For Community Development?

 

ٍSource: http://www.uniteforsight.org

تفاوت جنسیتی در سرمایه اجتماعی و توانمندسازی حاشیه نشینان

Gender Differences in Social Capital and Empowerment: A Case Study among Squatter Settlements

Hamidreza Babaei

Nobaya Ahmad 

Sarjit S. Gill

Abstract:
This study aims to identify gender differences in bonding, bridging and linking social capital and the empowerment among squatter settlements. The sample included 328 squatter settlers from two communities in Tehran, the capital city of Iran. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select the community and convenience sampling method was used to select respondents. The respondents were between 25-65 years old (household member), and data were collected by interviews. The measurement of bonding, bridging and linking social capital included items concerning trust and relationship with family, close friends, colleagues, neighborhood people, society people, ethnic groups, and governmental and non-governmental organizations. In addition, the empowerment measurement included the dimension of psychological and financial empowerment. The results revealed gender differences in social capital dimensions and empowerment. However, the findings of the research indicated that males have more bonding, bridging and linking social capital than females.

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WHAT IS COMMUNITY CAPACITY BUILDING?

Community capacity can be seen as the capacity of the people in communities to participate in actions based on community interests, both as individuals and through groups, organisations and networks. It is not primarily about their ability to act in their personal, family or employers’ interest, which are catered for in other spheres. However, many of the same skills are involved, and people who are active in the community invariably benefit in other ways as well.

The actions people and groups take can broadly be described as Community Activity. This can be divided into three types of activity:

• Action to build social capital: building relationships, trust, shared norms and networks. It involves people taking part in community initiatives, groups and organisations, and those groups communicating with the wider population as volunteers, members and participants.
• Delivering services: these can either be autonomous services provided by communities, or specialist services provided by community or voluntary groups, controlled by contracts or service level agreements with public agencies.
• Involvement in governance: representing the interests of all local people or of particular groups in influencing decisions that affect the quality of local life.

Community capacity building is defined as:

Activities, resources and support that strengthen the skills and abilities of people and community groups to take effective action and leading roles in the development of their communities.

It is helpful to see community capacity building as three main types of activity:

• Developing skills - learning and training opportunities for individuals and groups, and sharing through networks and mutual support, to develop skills, knowledge and confidence.
• Developing structures – developing the organisational structures and strengths of community groups, communities of interest and networks.
• Developing support – developing the availability of practical support to enable the development of skills and structures.

Community capacity building is normally undertaken to achieve a specific purpose, whereas the community development process provides the wider context. The key purpose of community development work is ‘collectively to bring about social change and justice, by working with communities (those that can be defined geographically and/or those defined by interest) to……….

• Identify their needs, opportunities, rights and responsibilities
• Plan, organise and take action
• Evaluate the effectiveness and impact of action.

(source: National Occupational Standards for Community Development

community development strategies

 

مجموعه سخنرانی در زمینه راهبردهای توسعه اجتماع محور

MEASURING COMMUNITY CAPACITY BUILDING

Do you need this workbook?

This is a workbook for community leaders and citizens who want to:

• Improve the ability of individuals, organizations, businesses and government in their community to come together, learn, make well-reasoned decisions about the community’s present and future, and work together to carry out those decisions—that is, to build their community’s capacity.
• Find ways to set goals as they do this work, make sure they are actually moving toward these goals, and celebrate their progress.

What is in this workbook?

This workbook can be used by groups of citizens, working either alone or assistance, to help identify:

• What is community capacity building?
• Why should we care about community capacity building?
• How do we know community capacity building when we see it?
• How can we measure—and celebrate—our community’s growing capacity as we build it?

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Community Development is a process, a method and an outcome

Introduction:

Bullen, (2004) according to Bennett (1973) affirmed that community development is the deliberate attempt by community people to work together to guide the future of their communities. Bullen, (2004) according to Ravitz (1982) stressed that CD is the active involvement of people at the level of the local community in resisting or supporting some cause or issues that interests them. Bullen, (2004) according to Maser (1997) called CD as the capacity of people to work collectively in addressing their common interests. In its general sense, the term CD can be referred to as an effort to improve the quality of life a community. Sabran, (2003) according to Sanders, (1982) present CD in four different typologies; process, method, program, and movement. If we consider to community development (C.D) in total, we can definition community development as processes, method, and benefits.

ادامه نوشته

Definition community development

Dunbar (1972): “a series of community improvements which take place over time as a result of the common efforts of various groups of people. Each successive improvement is a discrete unit of community development. It meets a human want or need.”

Long (1975): “an educational process designed to help adults in a community solve their problems by group decision making and group action. Most community development models include broad citizen involvement and training in problem solving.”

Oberle, Darby, and Stoweres (1975): “a process in which increasingly more members of a given area or environmental make and implement socially responsible decisions, the probable consequence of which is an increase in the life chances of some people without a decrease in the life chances of others.”

Voth (1975): “a situation in which some groups, usually locality based such as a neighborhood or local community …. Attempt to improve [their] social and economic situation through [their] own efforts . . . using professional assistance and perhaps also financial assistance from the outside . . . and involving all sectors of the community or group to a maximum.”

ادامه نوشته