Communities and Development توسعه محله ای چیست؟

Communities and Development

Before delving too deeply into the dimensions, determinants, and necessities of sustainable community development, we must first understand why communities are the most desirable constituents when it comes to designing and implementing development projects. How is “community” defined? What about small-scale, grassroots empowerment is more effective than the wide-ranging approaches of governments and multilateral agencies? Why are some communities, from a historical perspective, more developed than others? Can communities prevail in spite of structural deficiencies and inequalities? What does the future of community development look like?

 

Module 1: What is a Community?

Module 2: Why Bottom Up Instead of Top Down?

Module 3: Planning Versus Searching

Module 4: Historical Perspectives on Development and Under-development

Module 5: What Does The Future Hold For Community Development?

 

ٍSource: http://www.uniteforsight.org

سرمایه اجتماعی و توانمندسازی

Bonding, Bridging and Linking Social Capital and
Empowerment Among Squatter Settlements in Tehran, Iran

Hamidreza Babaei, Nobaya Ahmad and Sarjit S. Gill

Department of Social and Development Science
Faculty of Human Ecology, University Putra Malaysia

 

Abstract: This study aims to determine the effect of bonding, bridging and linking social capital on the empowerment among squatter settlements in Tehran, Iran. The sample comprised 328 poor people in two communities from Iran, which were randomly selected for the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used as the data collection method. The perceived bonding, bridging and linking social capital was measured by the trust and relationship with family and close friends and with colleagues, neighborhood people and society people as well as with the ethnic group and governmental and non-governmental organizations. In addition, the perceived empowerment was measured by summing the scores of psychological and financial assets. The results revealed the significant effect of bonding, bridging and linking social capital on empowerment among squatter settlements. Bonding social capital had the largest beta coefficient compared to other dimensions, such as bridging and linking social capital.

Key words: Bonding Social Capital, Bridging Social Capital, Linking Social Capital, Empowerment, Squatter Settlements, Tehran, Iran

 

World Applied Sciences Journal 17 (1): 119-126, 2012
ISSN 1818-4952
© IDOSI Publications, 2012

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تفاوت جنسیتی در سرمایه اجتماعی و توانمندسازی حاشیه نشینان

Gender Differences in Social Capital and Empowerment: A Case Study among Squatter Settlements

Hamidreza Babaei

Nobaya Ahmad 

Sarjit S. Gill

Abstract:
This study aims to identify gender differences in bonding, bridging and linking social capital and the empowerment among squatter settlements. The sample included 328 squatter settlers from two communities in Tehran, the capital city of Iran. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select the community and convenience sampling method was used to select respondents. The respondents were between 25-65 years old (household member), and data were collected by interviews. The measurement of bonding, bridging and linking social capital included items concerning trust and relationship with family, close friends, colleagues, neighborhood people, society people, ethnic groups, and governmental and non-governmental organizations. In addition, the empowerment measurement included the dimension of psychological and financial empowerment. The results revealed gender differences in social capital dimensions and empowerment. However, the findings of the research indicated that males have more bonding, bridging and linking social capital than females.

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