سرمایه اجتماعی و توانمندسازی

Bonding, Bridging and Linking Social Capital and
Empowerment Among Squatter Settlements in Tehran, Iran

Hamidreza Babaei, Nobaya Ahmad and Sarjit S. Gill

Department of Social and Development Science
Faculty of Human Ecology, University Putra Malaysia

 

Abstract: This study aims to determine the effect of bonding, bridging and linking social capital on the empowerment among squatter settlements in Tehran, Iran. The sample comprised 328 poor people in two communities from Iran, which were randomly selected for the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used as the data collection method. The perceived bonding, bridging and linking social capital was measured by the trust and relationship with family and close friends and with colleagues, neighborhood people and society people as well as with the ethnic group and governmental and non-governmental organizations. In addition, the perceived empowerment was measured by summing the scores of psychological and financial assets. The results revealed the significant effect of bonding, bridging and linking social capital on empowerment among squatter settlements. Bonding social capital had the largest beta coefficient compared to other dimensions, such as bridging and linking social capital.

Key words: Bonding Social Capital, Bridging Social Capital, Linking Social Capital, Empowerment, Squatter Settlements, Tehran, Iran

 

World Applied Sciences Journal 17 (1): 119-126, 2012
ISSN 1818-4952
© IDOSI Publications, 2012

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تفاوت جنسیتی در سرمایه اجتماعی و توانمندسازی حاشیه نشینان

Gender Differences in Social Capital and Empowerment: A Case Study among Squatter Settlements

Hamidreza Babaei

Nobaya Ahmad 

Sarjit S. Gill

Abstract:
This study aims to identify gender differences in bonding, bridging and linking social capital and the empowerment among squatter settlements. The sample included 328 squatter settlers from two communities in Tehran, the capital city of Iran. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select the community and convenience sampling method was used to select respondents. The respondents were between 25-65 years old (household member), and data were collected by interviews. The measurement of bonding, bridging and linking social capital included items concerning trust and relationship with family, close friends, colleagues, neighborhood people, society people, ethnic groups, and governmental and non-governmental organizations. In addition, the empowerment measurement included the dimension of psychological and financial empowerment. The results revealed gender differences in social capital dimensions and empowerment. However, the findings of the research indicated that males have more bonding, bridging and linking social capital than females.

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مقاله: تفاوت های قومی و جنسیتی در مدیریت مالی

Ethnic and Gender Differences in Financial Management among College Students 

Leila Falahati 1, Hamidreza Babaei 2

1. Department of Women Studies, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2. Department of sociology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran  [e-mail]

Abstract: The paper aims to examine ethnic and gender differences in financial management among college students. Using the stratified sampling method, 2,340 college students from six public and five private colleges were studied. The findings indicate gender differences in financial management, in which female students performed greater financial management than male students. The results revealed significant ethnic differences in financial management, in which Malay students performed greater financial management than Chinese and Indian students.

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مقاله: مقایسه نگرش مالی دانشجویان

A comparative study in Money Attitude among University Students:

A Gendered View

Leila Falahati*

Department of Women Studies, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

*Corresponding author: [e-mail]

Abstract: The paper aims to examine gender differences in money attitude among college students. Using the stratified sampling method, 2,340 college students from six public and five private colleges were studied. The findings indicate gender differences for different dimensions of money attitude, in which males were attached to money as a power/prestige tool while experiencing anxiety and having a retentive attitude toward money. Meanwhile female students were conservatively minded about money, as well as being attached to money for self gratification
purposes.

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مقاله: تفاوت های جنسیتی در دانش اقتصادی

Gender Differences in Financial Literacy among College Students

Leila Falahati*

Department of Women Studies, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

*Corresponding author: [e-mail]

Abstract: The paper aims to examine gender differences in financial literacy among college students. Using the stratified sampling method, 2,340 college students from six public and five private colleges were studied. The findings indicate gender differences in different dimensions of financial literacy, in which males were more knowledgeable in financial matters than female students. The results revealed that among the six dimensions of financial literacy, male students have more knowledge concerning credit and risk management, while females are more knowledgeable in respect of general financial literacy.

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مقاله ناسازگاری پایگاهی

Status Inconsistency of Women: A Study in Hamadan, Iran

Hamidreza Babaei¹, Amir Hossein Zomorrodian¹, Sarjit S. Gill¹, Leila Falahati²

^1. Department of Social & Development Science, Faculty of Human Ecology, University Putra Malaysia

^2. Department of Resource Management and Consumer Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, University Putra Malaysia

[e-mail]

Abstract: This research investigates the status inconsistency among women in Hamadan province, Iran. The study was carried out in eight cities and 32 villages. Questionnaire was applied to collect data from 767 women from urban areas and 786 women from rural area. Data analysis was done by using SPSS software and multi-variable regressions. The results show considerable status inconsistency among women in Hamadan. In addition, with decreasing social status of women here, the status inconsistency increases and the rate of status inconsistency in the rural area was higher than the urban area.

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Santa Marta: Two Weeks in the Slum

امروز یک فیلم جالب در زمینه حاشیه نشینی پیدا کردم که در واقع کسانی که علاقمند به مطالعه در این زمینه هستند می تونند از اون استفاده کنند . این شهر حاشیه نشین در کشور برزیل واقع شده و همراه با زیر نویس انگلیسی است.

 

This documentary portrays the everyday life of the inhabitants of Santa Marta, a favela in the Botafogo area of Rio de Janeiro. It focuses on the positive aspects of life in the favelas – such as music, dancing, drinking, socialising and religious practices – rather than on crime.
The film starts with a street survey of the professions of different slum-dwellers and immediately shows beautiful panoramic views of Rio from the favela, while the soundtrack features a song about the happiness of life in the slums: even though living in the slums makes one happy because the favela can be a paradise with open doors, fighting for survival is needed because the world is so ‘perverse’.

The film traces the history of the settlement as far back as 1935. In this same direction, most of the interviewees
say that they were born in the favela as an expression of their origin and identity. The film also emphasises the community networks that give social cohesion to the inhabitants of Santa Marta, by showing scenes of the meetings at the Neighbours’ Association and their projects of organised work. In their collective discussions, they denounce the police and the media as those responsible for their criminalisation (sometimes to cover up the police’s own crimes). The gender and sexuality dimensions of the favela are present as well: the film incorporates issues such as the ‘importance’ of women, domestic violence, machismo and an interview with a former transvestite who is also part of the community. Religion is depicted as vital to their existence, both in terms of their syncretic beliefs and colourful rituals. They see no clash between Catholicism and Spiritualism. Plenty of music and dancing is presented, thus showing the artistic dimension of this favela. Particularly powerful is a dance accompanying the following insightful lyric that directly links poverty to art: ‘In order to be poor in this country, you have to be an artist’. The music of the film was both composed and played by the morro’s [hill] residents.

Most of the interviews are on location, but some of them are recorded in an empty room with a TV set switched on, on a chair next to the interviewee. The interviewers’ voices are heard but their images are, in most of the scenes, not shown. The protagonists also act as interviewers as well as interviewees: they criticise and put questions to the policemen who watch the entrance of the favela. They question their ‘power to grab others’ attention and stop them in the streets. Special attention is drawn to the faces of the interviewees who are presented mostly through close-up shots.

Directed by Eduardo Coutinho, one of the most important names in Brazilian film-making.

 

 

 

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http://www.file-rack.com/files/f2zVqzcqFdjK/Doc.San.Mar.Slu.part1.rar.html
http://www.file-rack.com/files/uGLgf2vMwuvi/Doc.San.Mar.Slu.part2.rar.html
http://www.file-rack.com/files/V13sU0mTuXal/Doc.San.Mar.Slu.part3.rar.html
http://www.file-rack.com/files/VF6qzH43a839/Doc.San.Mar.Slu.part4.rar.html
http://www.file-rack.com/files/XD3NuXcVcMki/Doc.San.Mar.Slu.part5.rar.html
http://www.file-rack.com/files/cXpD4kxIKm6W/Doc.San.Mar.Slu.part6.rar.html
http://www.file-rack.com/files/JqUTjz3XCjNf/Doc.San.Mar.Slu.part7.rar.html
http://www.file-rack.com/files/gJHTQOrBFCKE/Doc.San.Mar.Slu.part8.rar.html

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http://rapidshare.com/files/238235055/Santa.Marta.Two.Weeks.In.The.Slum.EN.srt

 

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معرفی کتاب The end of poverty

 

کتاب The end of poverty کتابی مناسب با مجموعه مقالات متفاوت است که در سال ۲۰۰۵ چاپ شده است 

 

 

در این کتاب آشنا می شوید با مطالب زیر

One A GLOBAL FAMILY PORTRAIT

Two THE SPREAD OF ECONOMIC PROSPERITY

Three WHY SOME COUNTRIES FAIL TO THRIVE

Four CLINICAL ECONOMICS

Five BOLIVIA'S HIGH-ALTITUDE HYPERINFLATION

Six POLAND'S RETURN TO EUROPE

Seven REAPING THE WHIRLWIND: RUSSIA'S STRUGGLE FOR NORMALCY

Eight CHINA: CATCHING UP AFTER HALF A MILLENNIUM

Nine INDIA'S MARKET REFORMS:

THE TRIUMPH OF HOPE OVER FEAR 17

Ten THE VOICELESS DYING: AFRICA AND DISEASE 18

Eleven THE MILLENNIUM, 9/11, AND THE UNITED NATIONS

Twelve ON-THE-GROUND SOLUTIONS FOR ENDING POVERTY

Thirteen MAKING THE INVESTMENTS NEEDED TO END POVERTY

 

 

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